Locating Topics of Interest

Locating Topics of Interests Sam Johnson Northeastern university Are Female College Athletes pressured Into dysfunctional eating disorder to malting thin physical features? Female student athletes have a dual roll in trying to maintain academic and athletic excellence while in college. These athletes are expected to perform at the highest athletic level possible, and then asked to sustain their physical appearance. â€Å"For some female college athletes, such concerns and pressures may contribute to eating disorders or disordered eating behaviors† (Greengage et al. 009, IPPP).I believe female student athletes shouldn't feel pressured into complying with society needs, by totally ignoring their own. Greengage, C. , Petrel, T. A. , Carter, J. , & Reel, J. J. (2009). Female collegiate athletes: prevalence of eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors. Journal of American college Health, 57(5), 489-495. Athletes, and how weight issues may play a contributing part to this dis order. The authors will also observe the female student athletes surroundings, which may play a major role in how these students identify themselves as being over weight which loud lead to unhealthy dieting.Furthermore, the authors will monitor the mental capacity of these female students' athletes while trying desperately to lose pounds for their team or individual sport. The authors have decided to use the â€Å"Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnosis† (Greengage, Petri, Carter, and Reel, 2009, IPPP) feeling it gives more precise results than other questionnaires. The survey will use approximately two hundred female student athletes who participate in collegiate team or individual sports, from the southern region of America.Several questions pertaining to weight management, and certain types of eating miscues female student athletes may or may not practice daily, due to self dissatisfaction with their physical appearance. The questionnaires revealed over fifty percent o f the female student athletes were disappointed with their current fitness status. In addition almost ninety percent thought they need to lose a significant amount of mass in order for them to feel good about themselves.Approximately twenty percent of the female student athletes disclose they overindulge in eating more than four to six months, and over twenty- eve percent revealed that workout at least two hours daily to maintain a fit physique. Almost one fourth of the female student athletes admit to having a serious eating disorder and would like to receive help to resolve their negative weight control issues, but due to the negative pressures around them to stay fit, most of the female athletes fall prey to some type of eating disorder.Do college student athletes have the ability to truly succeed in an academic environment? College student athletes must Juggle practice and classroom assignments daily, and do the best they can to study for test without any rest. Student athletes have always carried a label of being â€Å"single-minded, narcissistic individuals who concentrate only on their athletic career† (Chem.., Mason, Middleton, and Salary, 2013). Student athletes must be given the opportunity to prove with the proper study time, they can achieve the same success as any other student.Chem.., S. , Mason, N. , Middleton, S. , & Salary, W. (2013). An examination of behavioral data and testing scores as indicators of student-athletes' academic success. KEEPERS journal, 51(1), 34-42. The author examines the attitudes and statistics of student athletes and their academic performance and motives while in college. Chem.. Et al. Study the reports on how often do student athlete's research class materials, go to class, and participate in class lectures.The author explores the stability between student athletes performing at the high athletic levels and achieving academic success. Middleton, and Salary, 2013, pep), which covered the basic inquires desired b y the authors. Roughly one hundred ninety student athlete applicants were surveyed, which approximately sixty-eight percent of them were male and thirty-two percent were female. The survey also covered a student athlete's grade level, nationality, team sport participation and what academic year was it for them.The authors revealed as long as student athletes didn't exceed more than twenty hours a week in athletic activities, each athlete had the ability to balance both athletic and academics. Furthermore, student athletes fell short academically when overworked in their team sport, and not given enough time to study. These findings defend the idea that student athletes only go to college to participate in team or individual sports. It shows when given the proper time to study student athletes can accomplish the same success as regular education students.University coaches must encourage student athletes to achieve academic success first without consequence for deciding to become a s cholar first. Do College Student Athletes have gambling problem which can lead to gambling addiction? Gambling is a habit most individuals can't handle, especially when discussing regular university students or student athletes. â€Å"Gambling among student athletes represents a multifaceted problem† (Elongated et al. 08, IPPP), it is not a racial or certain gender addiction, this is a problem that could have young adults with thousands of dollars in debt. Elongated, S. , Jacobs, D. , Deterrents, J. , Guppy, R. , & Passes, T. (2008). Gambling behavior among college student-athletes. Journal of Applied Sports Psychology, 20(3), 349-362. The authors investigate the possible serious gambling problems among male and female college student athletes. Elongated et al. Explores the competitive nature of student athletes, and how gambling could lead to more dishonest practices by student athletes.In addition the authors examines the reasoning behind student athletes gambling, could th is be a result from student athletes not having enough resources in college which directs them to take a chance on gambling. Elongated et al. Determined to receive accurate results decided to use the â€Å"2003 NCAA National Study on Collegiate Sports Wagering and Associated Health-Risk Behaviors† (Elongated, Jacobs, Deterrents, Guppy, and Passes, 2008). The survey received over twenty thousand participants, with roughly sixty percent male student athletes and forty percent female student athletes.The study asked over 100 questions about gambling habits, the amount wagered, who were you betting on and what type of gambling games do you like to participate in. The authors revealed that over fifty percent of the participants admitted to gambling the year before, over eight percent admitted to gambling every week, and over three percent admitted they had real gambling issue. There were various of the male and female student athletes disclosed, it really didn't matter what game t hey played, Just as long as it was a gambling game for revenue.

Cultural Changes and Continuities in the Mediterranean Essay

Throughout history, the Mediterranean has offered a vast amount of political transformations leading to both cultural continuities and variances. One of the main political changes that occurred in this area was the fall of the Roman Empire and the rise of the Byzantine Empire, which took place from around 200 C.E to 1000 C.E. While these empires consisted of roughly the same culture, they had different political structures which led to some differences. Other alterations that came up were the rise of Islam and the invasion of Germanic tribes. This led to cultural diffusion in the Mediterranean and had many effects on the cultures of this area. Many relate the fall of the Roman Empire to it being split in half in 330 C.E; however, the Roman Empire officially fell in 476 C.E. when Germanic tribes overthrew the Western half of the empire. The Eastern half went on to be known as the Byzantine Empire which already had its own capitol, Constantinople, and its own emperor. Christianity had already been legalized by the Roman Empire in 313 C.E, before the split. It had spread so rapidly afterwards that it soon became the official religion of the state. After the fall of the Roman Empire and the rise of the Byzantine Empire, this was one of the main continuities. Christianity was the official religion of the Byzantine Empire as it had been for the Roman Empire. Not only did the Byzantine Empire stay Christian, but also the Western half of the Roman Empire, at that point conquered by Germanic tribes, stayed Christian and the conquering tribes converted to Christianity, which was a change. Another continuity of Roman culture into Byzantine culture was that a Byzantine emperor, Justinian, actually created a code of laws from compiling laws that were used in the Roman Empire, such as the citizenship laws that were prevalent for most of span of the Roman Empire. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine (eastern Roman Empire) continued to speak Greek, and the Western Roman Empire continued to speak Latin. This continuity of Greco-Roman culture not only showed in language but also in architecture. It was built off of architecture in both Rome and ancient Greece. An architectural feat particularly associated with the Byzantines is the Dome, an idea based off of the Roman arch. Columns were also commonly used inside Byzantine churches, which is a Greek architectural design. A prominent change in the culture of the Mediterranean was the rise of Islam. It spread rapidly throughout the Mediterranean region of Africa, which had beforehand been a variety of religions. Although Islam was not very prevalent in most of the European Mediterranean, it did make the crossover in 711 C.E. to Spain. Before this Spain had been Christian and there were still Christians in the area, it was just that Muslims were more prevalent. In conclusion, the political transformations that occurred from 200-1000 C.E. throughout the Mediterranean region, influenced the culture of some Germanic Tribes, the Byzantines, and some Muslim groups, affecting the entire coastal area.

Love Medicine Study Guide Questions

Note: You should also write at least four of your own questions about the book as you read. These can be either things that confused you or aspects of the text that you would like to see us explore in class. HINT: HERE IS YOUR CHANCE TO AFFECT THE FINAL EXAM. You can list more on the reverse if they occur to you while reading. Love Medicine YOUR QUESTIONS: 1. 2. 3. 4.Use this space to connect any relevant cultural information you find to aspects of the text:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Discussion Questions 1. The novel deals extensively with the love-hate relationships between family members. What are some of the different kinds of familial bonds, positive and negative? What themes are explored through these relationships? What does this novel suggest about the nature of families? 2.One theme of the novel is the unavoidable impact of the non-Indian world (for instance, Catholicism, alcohol, intermarriages, the Vietnam War, capitalism, the legal system) on the Chippewa. How does the interaction with outsiders affect specific characters? What does the novel suggest about the difficulties and consequences of dealing with a mixed world? 3. Why do you thin k Erdrich chose to write her novel in the way she did, using time leaps and a series of different narrators to recount their own tales? What do you think is gained by this form of narrative? How might the form's emphasis on individual storytelling relate to the novel's larger themes? 4. Why do you think the section â€Å"Love Medicine† was chosen as the title story of the novel?Would you have chosen another section on the basis of a strength or unifying theme? (Above questions from http://www. harpercollins. com/authors/2905/Louise_Erdrich/index. aspx) 5. Analyze the family relationships in Louise Erdrich’s novel. What does this novel suggest about relationships between parents and children, grandparents and grandchildren, siblings, extended relatives, etc.? Pay attention to both blood relations and those that are â€Å"taken† or adoptive, such as Nanapush and Lulu or Marie and Lipsha. 6. Analyze the depictions of gender in Love Medicine, giving at least some at tention to differences in gender concepts and gender relations in traditional Native and mainstream colonizing culture. 7.Analyze the romantic relationships in the novel, both within the institution of Catholic marriage, within traditional culture, and those outside of both. What do these relationships suggest about the concept of romantic love? 8. Compare and contrast the depictions of traditional Ojibwe spirituality and Catholicism within the novel. 9. Examine how the novel depicts the effects of colonization on the Ojibwe people and their world. 10. Analyze relatedness and relationships between Native and non-Native people in this novel, both community and familial. In other words, in responding to this question, you might include the relationship between King

Applied Research Technologies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Applied Research Technologies - Case Study Example These include; healthcare, energy, industrial automation and HVAC. However, this decentralized management philosophy is also coupled with an innovative and entrepreneurial culture creating a good mix for business integration. This has seen the company dedicate itself to supporting innovations through funding and organizational practices with each division required to have products developed in the last four years comprise at least 30% of the sales (Bartlett and Beckham 2). With such a promising resume, the company’s CEO David Hall began pushing for the increase of ART’s global presence that saw the creation of the Filtration Business Unit in 1996. The filtration unit is a business that ART acquired from an oil and gas exploration services company with the core interest being the provision of mobile water treatment services to exploration companies enabling the meeting of the threshold set by the government for water recycling. However, the incorporation of Chinese firms commoditized the sector which reduced the margins of profits (Bartlett and Beckham 3). The effect was that ART decided to develop new technologies and products which resulted in a couple of high profile failures. One of these failures was the multi-million dollar mini water oxidation project spearheaded by Peter Vyas, the business manger of the filtration Unit (Bartlett and Beckham 2). The project that had been the works before Vyas was promoted consisted of a small-scale oxidation system without bulky equipment capable of waste water into clean and safe drinking water in a matter of minutes with technology sourced from an Indian start company. Although it had potential to be a big success but problems in the design, development and marketing strategies had resulted in the failure of the project in two phases. However, the management of the unit still wants to see the

The Modern World-System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Modern World-System - Essay Example Unlike an empire where political structure connects culture with livelihood, the political structure in the world-economy works towards connecting culture with spatial position. Cultural harmonization tends to work in the best interest of specific groups in world-economy. In core-states, integration has perpetuated disparities that exist within the world economy. World-economies are made up of core-states. Peripheral regions are weak and have low independence. Sandwiched between core-states and peripheral areas are semiperipheral areas, which are an essential component of the world-economy structure. Semiperipheral areas act as a link between core-states and peripheral areas. The modern world-economy is a typical capitalist economy. The geographical definition range, as well as the status of its self-consciousness, remains vital in assessing a class. A group self-conscious is an outcome of conflict scenarios. Class boundaries in the upper societal strata are explicit ensuring a high likelihood of maintenance of privileges. There is a single class that has established itself as a universal- capitalist class. There is always friction in the relationship between the capitalist class and all the other social strata. Strong states work in the best interest of a particular group at the expense of others. In the world-economy, structures tend to be strong in core-states, while weak among periphery areas. Exploitation and rejection of coercion still remain an integral part of the modern world economy.

Otherness and the Nature of Jealousy in Othello Research Paper

Otherness and the Nature of Jealousy in Othello - Research Paper Example There is a reason it is called a monster. Jealousy transforms love into a rage that can have deadly consequences. The monster that Othello becomes destroys the love that he held for Desdemona and eventually destroyed the vessel of that love, Desdemona herself. From the perspective of a clinical discussion of the emotion of jealousy, the nature of jealousy is a complex system of emotional programs that have evolved as responses in reference to threats to procreative responsibilities (Lewis 122). This response is intended to protect the line of male succession, thus it is seen more often and more dangerously in men. In addition, it has only been in recent history that women have had a right to demand fidelity in their mates. While men have guarded fidelity in women with lethal prejudice, women have only been allowed to express jealousy in regard to their mates through cultural norms in the last few centuries of human history. In discussing the nature of the jealousy expressed by Othell o, it is necessary to understand the cultural position on the relationships between men and women during the period of the play and the period in which it was written. According to Lewis, â€Å"cues of a situation trigger an emotion mode, but embedded in that emotion mode is a way of seeing the world and feeling about the world related to the ancestral cluster of associated elements (122). The way in which an emotion is perceived and is reacted to is dependent upon both the visual cues that suggest the appropriateness of that emotion and the historical cultural values that define that emotion. One might believe that an emotion is experienced in the same way no matter the cultural location, but this is not true. The emotion develops upon the beliefs on how a culture has framed its expression and appropriateness. As an example, love is an emotion that seems relatively similar in all cultures. However, that can be argued. Love is a feeling that can be tied to desire, that can be tied to mutual experiences, or that can be tied to dependency. In cultures where people marry through arrangement, love can develop between two people who are put together and learn to feel for one another. In other cultures, love is something that develops once the physical attraction has been established. Therefore, it must be understood that an emotional exploration is going to be relevant to the culture through which the emotion is expressed. Jealousy, in Othello, is defined by two cultures, the culture that Shakespeare writes about and his own culture. The gender relations during the time of Shakespeare were defined by a wide variety of dynamics. In literature, the idea of romantic love was highly visible, but literary love is influenced by the realities of the dynamics of the time period. The possession of the female gender was also highly important in calculating the reaction of jealousy. The patriarchal society designates the female as an object, rather than the subject of her li fe. While it is true that the realities of the gender relationships were more complicated than the patriarchal ideals defined, it is the ideology of the patriarchal society that allows for the extremes in jealousy that can be defined when a woman is a possession rather than an individual. The 17th century philosopher John Locke stated that men had no more control over the lives of women than they did over men. However, he also later

Question's about the Otto group Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Question's about the Otto group - Assignment Example Because international expansion involves much strategic planning, the Otto Group has had to design a multichannel strategy that can be successful in any environment. The key to success on a global scale is to be flexible and go along with local market conditions. The Otto Group has planned this level of international expansion well by refocusing its strategic capabilities toward these areas. Although the company has been successful before with direct marketing channels, the Otto Group will need to change its focus to internet services because this is the way that modern shopping trends are going. The key is to make sure that customers buy into this e-commerce strategy and respond well to it. The firm appears to prefer takeovers and acquisitions going by its recent history in Europe. The reason for this is because these entry modes are less risky and the company can safeguard some of its investment. The markets of Central and Eastern Europe, although relatively untouched, can be risky for outsiders to enter because there is not a great deal of economic stability. It makes sense that the Otto Group would want to use an already existing brand because this saves on start-up costs. Conversely, in the United States the company seems to have learned its lesson. After a failed acquisition in 2009, the Otto Group returned the following year with a Greenfield investment. This makes sense because the American economy is relatively stable and the company can maintain greater control over business operations. The Otto Group is entering the US market again because it realizes the mistakes that it made before. Acquiring a US company does not allow the Otto Group to use its own innovations to reach the American consumer. Now that the company has "got its feet wet," the Otto Group knows what it needs to do to succeed and it is now willing to use its own resources and capabilities. With its prior attempt, the Otto

Court Justices Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Court Justices - Research Paper Example Answer: The courtroom funds refer to the funds that raised through the money shared by the law firms and litigants having an interest in the state court. The Democratic challengers and Republican incumbents in order to defeat the opposite candidate raise courtroom funds. In this regard, the Democratic challengers raised 69% courtroom funds whereas its incumbent raised 65%; therefore, the former surpassed the latter. Answer: Yes, I agree that distinguishing line between the role of a judge and that of a politician has become blurred for many citizens. The reason for such occurrence is that the judges are elected through campaigning and raising funds, which is also the way politicians are elected. A judge is a person who has to give an impartial and fair judgement to curb menace and encourage fairness in the world. Politicians, on the contrary, are the people who convince the public that they are the true leaders for their nation/state. However, the judges are chosen through the biased fund raising practices. The law firms (corporate defense and plaintiffs) form the largest fund raisers having their cases on the judge’s table. As a result, the judges are not selected through an impartial and fair process that thickly shadows their original role in providing justice to the victim. Answer: I would choose judge for the Supreme Court of Texas through the process of screening test, interview and demonstration test. In this case, each candidate will have to pass a screening test related to written examination. Once cleared, the short listed candidates will have to appear for an interview. Only five candidates will be short listed from the interviews who will later appear for a demonstration test where the individuals and the institutions will all be present to ask complex questions from the screened candidates. Finally, a voting process will take place to select the final candidate. This process is fair and impartial

Management and Leadership Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management and Leadership - Research Paper Example Creating a traditional style for chopper style motorcycles, the distinctive design which gives the brand its unique name (Nelson & Gregory).Also, Harley-Davidson is not involved in the sole production of motorcycles alone. Its industries spread to all aspects of the motorcycle manufacturing plant. The brand creates not only motorcycles under its own brand name but also accessories for these motorcycles. Licensing is also provided to the owners of the motorcycle. Harley-Davidson also produces customized bikes which create special editions of particular motorcycle models. This includes the Buell Motorcycle Company which is responsible for creating not only the sports bike but also the middle weight beginners bike (Kelly 2006). Harley-Davidson has also taken over other motorcycle companies including the MV Augusta and their Caviaga subsidiary (Superbike Planet). Thus along with their own market share, Harley- Davidson has also successfully industries of fellow competing motorcycle brand s. Along with its fame for the vehicles it produces, Harley Davidson is also keeps a strict check on environmental pollution emitted by its vehicles. By obliging to the rules set down by the Environmental Protection Agency, Harley-Davidson builds materials and crafts free of defects that can prove to be detrimental to the environment. Thus, the motorcycles and accessories produced by Harley-Davidson are renowned all over the world. This essay will discuss the leadership and management style that has protected this organization from takeovers or mergers. This is coupled with the essence of the two groups in keeping Harley-Davidson one of the most successful and lucrative markets today. For any organization to gain success as has done the Harley-Davidson model, a presence of good management and leaders is vital. The first aspect of this is the term used for employees working under both statuses. While managers hire subordinates as fellow workers, leaders claim

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEMS AND NURSING Essay

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEMS AND NURSING STAFF PERFORMANCE - Essay Example It is essential for nurse managers to assess the performance of clinical nurses, and to manage them effectively and efficiently as a human resource. There are several techniques of performance assessment in organizations, and in health care contexts such as in nursing (Roussel & Swansburg 2006), including the use of a consistent numerical assessment system by managers or qualitative appraisal approaches (Murphey, 2004). For over three decades, organizations have considered performance appraisal systems as key organizational processes for the management and development of personnel (Giangreco, Carugati, Pilati et al 2010; Levy & Williams 2004; Ferris, Timothy, Basok et al 2008). The aim of performance appraisal systems is to regularly offer a comparison between the level of performance expected by any one organization and the performance achieved by an individual or group of individuals. These comparisons are based on objective and subjective factors (Coates 2004). The basis for perfo rmance evaluation is that measuring performance helps to improve performance by providing concise feedback on how the individual or department is doing in the workplace. The popularity of the use of appraisal systems is however surrounded by a forceful debate on their productivity and the related costs and benefits. ‘It is widely believed that performance appraisals

QUIZ-1 Organized Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

QUIZ-1 Organized Crime - Essay Example Political beliefs do not act as a motivator to organized crime as opposed terrorism which is more of political. (McLean, J. D. 2007) In any organized crime there is always a fixer whose role is to develop contacts with the justice system and politicians and the appropriate time emerges corruption is carried out. Merton used pathological materialism to describe an American preoccupation with economic success. This later translates into focus on the goal of success rather the means by which success is achieved. The unscrupulous Robber Barons that exemplify the spirit Merton refers to as innovation. They do not care about legitimacy and in the end they emerge successful. The term culture refers to the source of patterning in human conduct. Culture plays a key role in understanding the behavior of offenders involved in organized crime Anomie is a condition that was made popular by a French sociologist Emile Durkheim in the early twentieth century. Anomie refers to a condition whereby the society does minimal effort to educate people and give them moral guidance. According to Edwin Sutherland behavior is learnt, whether it is lawful or criminal all behavior is learned. (McLean, J. D.

GE’s Talent Machine Essay Example for Free

GE’s Talent Machine Essay Leadership development is a heavy priority for GE. The company put a great emphasis on building leaders. Four successive CEO each made contributions to the development of management talent. The CEO Cordiner implemented a decentralization practice that broke the company into various departments. The new company structure was more manageable but required more delegation. As a result of the decentralized structure, GE put a great emphasis on developing organizational learning. GE spent a lot of money on management education to expand managers’ leadership ability and general management skills. Education is one of the three life and work experience that contribute to leadership development (P479). The first corporate university was built by Cordiner where provided programs on executive education and management training. Those learning programs focus on personal growth that help employees to improve themselves continuously in GE’s learning culture. GE had various programs for finding potential leaders and preventing brain drain. The Session C was a performance assessment process that implemented to promote â€Å"high potential† employees. It included the individual evaluations, the career forecasts, and the succession plans. Subordinates were placed on a six-point scale from â€Å"high potential† to â€Å"unsatisfactory†. This feedback-intensive program helped the potential leaders to understand their behavior patterns, and they were able to find more constructive ways of achieving their objectives (P488). Another GE’s leadership excellence named disciplined performance management analysis, also known as the â€Å"vitality curve† was added to Session C. The incentive ranking system help GE to seek the best talents and to sustain a high-performance workforce. In addition, the CEO Reg Jones initiated a more structured practice to strategic planning to make the review process more manageable- the strategic business unite (SUBs). All those programs help GE to build a results-driven workforce. That is why GE is a â€Å"CEO factory. The forced ranking system put much pressure on employees for improving performance and productivity. The system feed on favoritism, and managers as rankers may intentionally give the high assessment to the people who are close to them. My suggestion for the vitality curve is to add a peer  evaluation into the ranking system. However, fairness could also be questioned in this case, because some people end up at the bottom even thought their performance may be perfectly satisfactory when judged in isolation. Also, it is easy to present the blind competition because the success of one employee is a lost opportunity for others. Additionally, I suggest having the 20% highly progress reward from the highly valued 70%. Recognition and rewards for the top 20% should keep the same, but add more recognition to the average performers who improved a lot compared with last year. This practice will boost the confidence of average employees who think they will never be rewarded. On the flip side, it may be more complex and take longer time to evaluate the performance. Since GE conduct business all around the world, a more aggressive international approach is needed. I suggest GE to focus on global recruitment that can provide more opportunity to hunt talents. One thing GE could do is partnerships with universities overseas, and open training and developing programs in the universities to attract potential non-American young talents. GE could provide internships and jobs for high performers who enter the programs. The programs may require a lot investment, and the benefit is unknown. People may use the programs as stepping stones to their own career. Great leaders are great learners. Learning does not end when I get out of college. Learning is a life long process. As a potential future leader, I have to adopt continuous learning as my personal leadership priority. As I learned form the ITO (Individual, Team and Organization) class, knowledge could be classified into explicit knowledge and tactic knowledge. Explicit knowledge could be learned though training and books. It is beneficial for me to read more books to enrich the knowledge, and keep my knowledge updated to the current world. Also, I need to learn to be opportunistic, and take advantage of training programs. Tactic knowledge, in contrast, is what I can learn through experience. I could take advantage of networking, and meet new people to build week ties. Therefore, I could have more opportunities to experience different things though those week ties. Finding a good mentor in the organization is also good for my learning development. Also, ask for  feedback. Another thing I learned from GE is the goal orientation. The company set a clear objective of building leaders, and all the leadership development practice were build to fulfill that goal. I have to set both short term and long term goals that motivate me to achieve. Finally, be self-awareness. I need to take time to think about my strengths and weaknesses, and do self-evaluation regularly to summarize areas that I need to improve.

Western Lowland Gorilla Essay

Western Lowland Gorilla Essay

The Next Big Thing What Is Pinterest Marketing Essay

The Next Big Thing What Is Pinterest Marketing Essay Pinterest is a website that lets individuals or businesses gather and share the numerous interesting items, pictures, videos, or anything that interests them; It is essentially a community of curators (Pinterest, 2012, p.1). The term pin refers to posting or placing an item on your pinboard (Pinterest, 2012, p.1). Individuals use pinboards to beautify their households/offices, design their weddings, learn about new recipes, and other interesting things (Pinterest, 2012, p.1). The website allows users to browse through other pinboards of individuals or brands; browsing through pinboards is an exciting way to discover new ideas (Pinterest, 2012, p.2). Pinterest users are encouraged to interact with the content by repining it, sharing pins on Facebook and Twitter or via email, and even embedding individual pins on their website or blog (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 9). . 1.1 Brief History of Pinterest Pinterest was created by a company called Cold Brew Labs in 2009 (Carlson, 2012, pg. 1). Cold Brew Labs initially consisted of three founders, but a couple of months later it consisted of only Ben Silberman and Paul Sciarra (Carlson, 2012, pg. 1). It has since grown to become one the best and most used social media platform. As of Fall 2012, Pinterest had over 11 million users, of which up to 80% of the users are women between the ages of 25 and 55 (Hayden, 2012, p.1). According to Beth Hayden (2012), the demographic is shifting and there are more men joining Pinterest, she also goes on to talk about how Pinterest users are fairly affluent, with an average salary of $50,000. 1.2 SWOT Analysis of Pinterest The major strengths of Pinterest are its users, its fun and easy interface, its ability to increase traffic, ability to increase sales, and its abilty to link and lead (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 9-12). The major weaknesses of Pinterest are spams, the fact that it is not on all smartphones, and also the fact that they are yet to develop a clear, effective revenue mode (Hubspot, 2012). Opportunities available for Pinterest are take over/mergers, more mobile apps, and. Threats are clone sites, biggers sites like google, facebook (Hubspot, 2012). 2. How Are They Influencing Social Media? 3-5 years ago an average online customer would have to ask friends or professional for wedding tips, home dà ©cor tips, or even food tips. Today, Pinterest is changing the way we access information, we no longer need to pay a professional for wedding tips, home dà ©cor tips, etc. However, the main question is how does that influence social media? Well, Pinterest has filled the void social media giants Facebook and Twitter have failed to fill by providing consumers and sellers the perfect medium to exchange ideas visually. At present, Pinterest is driving more referral traffic than LinkedIn, Google+ and YouTube combined, the only social media platform driving more traffic than Pinterest is Facebook (Hayden, 2012, p.11) Pinterest, whose users have been proven to buy more items, spend more money, and complete more transactions online than any other site (Crum, 2012, p. 2). In short, the people who use Pinterest are the ones at the heart of every social media outlet on the market these days, and what theyre looking at and buying is critical to any successful merchant (Crum, 2012, p. 2). 3. How Can Businesses Effectively Use Pinterest Pinterest presents businesses with a variety of activities you can initiate to market your company to a new audience (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 22). The goal is to increase or attain brand recognition, drive traffic to your website and be successful at transferring the new visits into leads and/or sales (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 22) Pinterest is an awesome social media platform for businesses that rely on high-volume of website traffic to increase sales. In fact, early research indicates that Pinterest is more effective at driving traffic compared to other social media sites, even Facebook (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 10). At the end of the day, whats going to matter most is how much traffic, leads, sales, and customers you generate via Pinterest (Hubspot, 2012, pg.27). What is the behaviour of traffic? What topic drives traffic? Analytics tools like Pin Alert, Pinerly, and Pinvolve can help a business monitor and measure growth (Honigman, 2012, p.1). 3.1 How To Drive Website Traffic and/or Sales Via Pinterest First of all, the business has to realize that it has to gain followers, and the easiest way to do this is by becoming an information curator for your niche (Hayden, 2012, p.1). Gather the newest and best resources on your boards. Become a trusted source of information on Pinterest, and your following will grow by leaps and bounds (Hayden, 2012, p.1). Also, Connect your account with your Facebook and Twitter accounts. Not only will it help you gain followers, but making this connection adds social media icons under your profile picture that link to your Facebook and Twitter profiles (Hayden, 2012, p.1). A lot of brands have already started creating contests using Pinterest. Hold a contest that asks users to create a pinboard on their own account to demonstrate what they love about your brand, products, or services (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 25) Make it super easy for website visitors to share your visual content or images on Pinterest by adding a Pin It button to your site (Hayden, 2012, p.1). Just like other social media sharing buttons, this will help to expose your brand to a new audience (Hayden, 2012, p.1). Offer exclusive Pinterest promotions. Create pins that give special promotions for following you on Pinterest (Hayden, 2012, p.1). Create a board that tells the story of your company and communicates your core values. Make this board available to people as part of your sales process (Hayden, 2012, p.1). 4. Brands Already On Pinterest Pinterest offers a great medium to connect with your audience. The brands that have been most successful arent just enabling users to pin their content; rather, theyre getting in on the pinning themselves (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 34) Unlike Twitter, The top profiles, owned by individuals, on Pinterest are over 10 times larger than the top profiles owned by companies, and none are celebrity accounts (business insider, 2012). Individuals who have been successful have kept it simple: Lots of pictures of food and fashion (Minato, 2012, p.2) Pinterest offers a great medium to connect with your audience. The brands that have been most successful arent just enabling users to pin their content; rather, theyre getting in on the pinning themselves. (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 34) Below are 5 brands that are doing well: Perfect Pallete Drake University Mashable Wall Street Journal Whole Foods Market 4.1 What are they doing right? While Pinterest is still very young and its true ROI remains to be seen, here are three examples of brands who are already using Pinterest the right way: to engage fans in a meaningful way that gets them to react, share, and even convert (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 34) The Perfect Palette, a wedding blog that explores the color palette possibilities for your wedding and serves, as a resource for other wedding ideas, would seem to be a perfect match for Pinterest and it is (Wasserman, 2012, p.1). Drake University for instance uses Pinterest to interact with students and help them navigate campus life, they also showcases items its student population might actually be interested in: clothing that matches the schools colors, room dà ©cor perfect for the dorm, guides to making cheap food look and taste awesome, and study inspirations (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 39). If you are a potential student, you can learn everything you need to know about the school with just a few quick glances (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 34) Meanwhile, since Pinterest looks a bit like a newspaper, the Wall Street Journal made it into an actual newspaper. The newspaper takes the most interesting quotes from its articles, highlights them on its Quotes Board and then encourages users to click on them (Minato, 2012, p.1). Food is one of the major niches or shared interests on Pinterest. In fact, food lovers were among the first on Pinterest; they saw the benefits of pinning instead of clipping recipes. These foodies used boards to plan dinner parties, collect holiday baking ideas, and create their own virtual cookbooks (Helm, 2012, p.4). 5. Conclusion As you can tell, the trick to succeeding on Pinterest isnt necessarily about showing off your products or services directly. Its about finding creative ways to show how those products and services fit into the lifestyles of your target audience (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 43). Take the best practices we have shared here and start pinning content that represents your company identity and attracts visitors back to your website (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 43). Finally, dont invest a ton of effort in marketing on Pinterest unless you can measure the results of your activities (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 43). Be smart about the way you prioritize your marketing initiatives and keep a close eye on the specific benefits this new social network can provide to your business (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 43). At the end, it comes down to this: make an amazing product, and people will buy it (Patterson, 2011, p.1)

Critical Analysis of Jimmy Choo Shoes ad :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today’s society, we are bombarded with images telling us how to dress, think, act, and behave. As Ed Norton in the movie Fight Club says while looking at a Calvin Klein underwear ad, â€Å"is that how real men are supposed to look?† I decided to search for an ad that can be seen as controversial or even disturbing at that, and I was lucky enough to come across a Jimmy Choo ad in W magazine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The message is clear—buy these shoes. Whether or not that message is being conveyed in the most appropriate or effective ways is less to be desired for. The shoes are not even in the center of the picture, and in my opinion, the shoes are not the main focal point in the ad. Instead, the focus is on a woman leaning backwards on some sort of board with a very skimpy bikini bottom and loose top. She is holding a purse and has on several large bracelets, and is spraying a hose of some sort. But even all of these images are not the most disturbing. The woman’s facial expression is startling. She is looking upwards and more importantly, she looks as if she’s watching something terrible happen and is either scared or in danger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perhaps the message is trying to say, â€Å"look sexy like this woman and buy our shoes.† What does sexy really mean? Who’s to say that a woman maybe one hundred pounds heavier in a simple evening dress cannot wear those shoes and still be as sexy? What makes this vulnerable woman so appealing and desirable in this advertisement?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What really is this ad trying to sell? Shoes are a dime a dozen. I went to the mall the other day and went into 8 different shoe stores alone. Obviously there is something special about Jimmy Choo shoes. Is this company really tying to sell you the shoes, or trying to sell you the name? I recall watching an interview with Paris Hilton, and she said that she loved Jimmy Choo shoes and that she has â€Å"x† (some large number) pairs of them. Since we are such a media-based culture, if we hear Paris Hilton wears Jimmy Choo shoes, then they must be great! With such a high price, how can the middle class person even afford a pair? With all of these things taken into consideration, it’s clear that there is an elite group of people this ad is designed for.

Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Cloning In the past few years, the topic of cloning has been in the news a lot. It is a very controversial issue, with many opposing viewpoints. While some find it acceptable, others object for religious reasons. A big concern is the possibility of abuse of this new technology. One of the big questions is "Where will we stop?" We may start by just experimenting and studying, but then what? Manufacturing human bodies for spare parts? No one can be sure where it will stop. The Supreme court says that everyone has the right to make their own reproductive decisions without government interference, but now it is proposing bans on human cloning. These bans prevent the very research needed to make cloning safe (Eibert). So, it seems that the government is not giving human cloning a chance. There are many benefits to cloning in the fields of fertility, organ transplants, and fighting disease. Although there are many benefits, the possible effects and moral considerations are too great for us to cont inue experimentation. Â  Benefits One of the major benefits of cloning technology is improvement in the field of fertility. In vitro fertilization only has a success rate of about 10%. To improve effectiveness, doctors could clone embryos, and the success rate could drastically increase (Masci 413). Another benefit in the field of fertility is that parents unable to conceive naturally, even with in vitro, or people too old to conceive, could still have a genetically related child (Masci 413-414). With cloning, egg and sperm would not be necessary for reproduction, because any body cell would work (Eibert). The resulting offspring would actually be a replica of one parent (Masci 413-414). Other benefits to using cloning come in the field of fighting disease. When genes are not in use, they become dormant. In order for cloning to take place, all genes must be active. Discovering how genes are turned on and off could lead to treatment for different cancers (Masci 414). Cloning could also revolutionize the field of organ transplant. Organs and bone marrow could be cloned and used for transplant. Thousands of people die waiting for transplants, so this could save many lives. In addition, the organs used in the transplant could come from the same patient, reducing the risk of rejection by the body (Masci 414). To treat heart attack victims, doctors could clone healthy heart cells and inject them into damaged areas of the heart (Masci 415).

Computer Assisted Language Learning

Introduction Computers can be tremendously useful tools for English language instruction. They process data quickly and integrate voice, music, videos, pictures and text into lessons. They can be programmed to tailor instruction and test for each individual learner. They can even used to make students feel more comfortable and willing to take risks, because of their â€Å"untiring, unjudgmental nature† (Butler-Pascoe 1997:20). While there are many potential benefits to be derived from these â€Å"machines†, the issue now is not whether but how computers should be used for language instruction. Regardless of the speculated disadvantages of using computers for language instruction, advance by some individual or groups, computers and CALL materials are already being used for English language instruction and will continue to be used. It can be used as a modern approach towards language teaching and learning in which the computer is utilized as an aid to the presentation, and as reinforcement and assessment of material to be learned by usually including substantial interactive materials. Over the years with the emergence of the World Wide Web or the Internet, CALL widened its scope. It has become communicative, interactive and explorative such that audio and video exercises or activities can easily be integrated. The role of language teaching has grown as years have gone by. As observed, interactivity in learning becomes â€Å"a necessary and fundamental mechanism for knowledge acquisition and the development of both cognitive and physical skills† (Barker, 1994:1). Today, computer technology can help advocate the communicative approach to learning because it, too, is concerned with the interaction between the teacher and the learner, and the students’ learning needs and learning styles. Due to the significant changes in second language teaching and learning (e. g. the role of the teacher, the role of the learner, the role of multimedia, and the way the learning process is conducted in the classroom settings), interaction has become an increasingly important and relevant area of study in the field of second language acquisition since it reflects what goes on in learning and teaching processes. Communication is intrinsic to success, effective instructional practice as well as individual discovery. The implementation of interactivity can be perceived as an art (Sims 1997) because it requires a comprehensive range of skills, including an understanding of the learner, an appreciation of software application capabilities, the importance of rigorous instructional design and the application of appropriate learning materials. The value of the multimedia and the Internet in the enhancement of interaction for language learning can not be disregarded. Warschauer, M. , & Healy, D. 1998) stated that the type of software and the task teachers set for the students have a large effect on the type and quality of students interaction with each other when working in pairs or small groups. With the continuing development of technological advances in the areas of communication and multimedia, the challenge for English (foreign language) classrooms goes far beyond current knowledge about the effective use of technology. The CALL is a milestone as far as language teaching is concerned. And with that realization in mind, this study, â€Å"Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL): Interactive Teaching in English Using Different Websites in San Pablo Elementary School is presented. Statement of the Problem The general objective of this study is to help improve the English capability and competency of the students in Grade I of San Pablo Elementary School making it interactive and communicative using the Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) materials imparted through the use of Different English Websites. Specifically, it tried to answer the following questions: 1. How will the CALL technology provide interactive English comprehension, vocabulary, and writing exercises? 2. How will the CALL create interaction among the student and teacher? 3. How will the lessons be made interactive and communicative? 4. Will this approach be found satisfactory through test result? And 5. Will this approach be found satisfactory by its users? Significance of the Study English learning has become the most important task for students. At very young age parents send their children to private training or classes to enhance their English learning and to provide their children a strong foundation in English. However, there are still some problems and dilemmas for students in language learning. Most students still could not have effective communication after years of English language learning. Some students have difficulty in their expression in an English presentation, although they have higher scores in English tests. Computer has been considered as an important learning tool in the modern second language learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) has provided amazing opportunities for improving second language learning such as it can motivate students’ interesting or improve learners’ varied linguistic skills (AbuSeileek 2007). Nowadays, San Pablo Elementary has 6 computers (2 are originally school property, 4 are personal property of the teachers) placed in a laboratory room equipped with new hardware and software but it’s not fully explored and utilized in English language teaching. The study is important due to the following reasons: 1. To help improve the English capability and competency of the students in Grade I of San Pablo Elementary School. 2. To help students learn to interpret new information and experiences on their own terms. 3. With the use of CALL more shy students can feel free in their own students'-centered environment. This will raise their self-esteem and their knowledge will be improving. 4. Through the use of different English Educational Websites students will perform collaborative project where in they will do their best to perform it within set time limits. 5. To make the class more interesting and to increase students’ interest and motivation. 6. To provide information’s regarding Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). METHODOLOGY There are various concerns considered in this action research. There is no simple finite number of these concerns, nor is there a simple dichotomy between qualitative and quantitative approaches. Indeed, there is an off-cited division in the second language acquisition (SLA) field between those researchers who favor qualitative methodologies and those who prefer quantitative ones. Research Design: This study is an action research. This study was conducted for the purpose of solving a problem or obtaining information in order to solve some kind of day to day immediate concern such as how to figure out ways to use technology to improve the teaching of grammar in the classroom. To dealt with are the needs and concerns of the students. Data concerning the problem (both qualitative and quantitative) were collected and interpreted. Qualitative- the data collected include a pre-survey and a post-survey. Quantitative- a test (post-test) administered. Research Procedure: The Profile of the students’ background, experience and future needs are obtained. The purpose of the needs analysis was to find out whether they agree or disagree on the use of the CALL technology in language learning and to find out their familiarity with the CALL materials and the Internet in teaching the English language. The following are stages conducted in this study: Stage 1: Survey by Interview To help determine the age, gender, needs and experience of the students using a computer, a structured interview were prepared and administered. Stage 2: Utilization of the Different English Websites in the Classroom The primary audience for the websites are the Grade I students of San Pablo Elementary school with a particular teacher, the audience used worldwide ESL sites exist which are designed for a certain English language level. It is important to consider a site’s purpose, since meaningful comparisons of evaluations can be made among sites with the same or at least similar intended goals, uses and audiences. In this study English websites can be directly used by the Grade I students of San Pablo Elementary School. Stage 3: The Post Test To help determine the progress of the students in San Pablo Elementary School after taking the lesson using CALL materials. Stage 4: The Post Survey Administered and answered by the students after the â€Å"test-run†. Research Setting and Participants This action research was conducted at San Pablo Elementary located at Block. 14 San Pablo, Tarlac City. The school is categorized as a complete, non-central school, mono-grade having 2 sections each grade level. Computer laboratory provided by the teachers in the school was used. This study used 35 students in Grade I section Daisy. The section is heterogeneous. The data collected for this study will come from the observations and tests taken by the students. An in depth analysis of the collected data was carried out. PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA A survey interview has been developed in participants’ home language for the purpose of collecting background information. Based on the pre-survey interview, the researcher collected this data. Table 1: Students Profile No. NameAgeGenderComputer at HomeWith / without Experience in computer 1Banag, Jonie D. 7MNoneWithout 2Bermudo, Mark Anthony D. C. 6M1With 3Boehn, Adrian M. 6M1With 4Butchayo, John Carlo G. 7MNoneWithout 5Fallorina, Jerry M. 8MNoneWithout 6Gaupo, Gerald7MNoneWithout 7Lacanlale, Christian G. 7MNoneWithout 8Luna, Alexander N. 6MNoneWithout 9Manalili, John Lloyd C. 6M1With 10Maninang, Emer6MNoneWithout 11Manlapas,Randy A. 6MNoneWithout 12Martinez, Clive Xavier M. 5MNoneWithout 13Morales, Aiveen Nash M. 6MNoneWithout 14Pilariza, Hans Russell L. 7M1With 15Puno, Jerome M. 6MNoneWithout 16Roldan, Rainier T. 6MNoneWithout 7Tolentino, John Michael E. 7M1With 18Uring, Justine H. 6MNoneWithout 19Bautista, Marichell D. C. 6FNoneWith 20Botio, Renalyn M. 7F1With 21Casem, Allyana N. 6F6With 22Castaneda, Rey-ann 7FNoneWithout 23Dizon, Clarisse Joy R. 6F1With 24Lacanlale, Clarissa G. 6FNoneWith 25Manlapas, Adrian Mae 6FNoneWithout 25Nucup, Lyka M. 6FNoneWithout 27Obenario, Angelina D. C. 6FNoneWithout 28 Padua, Maricar 7FNoneWithout 29Panag, Maiel T. 6F1With 30Pangan, Cristina C. 7FNoneWithout 31Pangilinan, Gloria8FNoneWithout 32Quintos, Jennalyn Y. 6FNoneWithout 33Sabat, Maadrian E. 6FNoneWithout 34Sagadraca, Angelika Joy M. 6 FNoneWithout 35Salas, Jomae V. FNoneWithout There were 35 participants that took part in study. The table shows that the students consist of 19 male and 16 female. One of them is 5 years old, 21 are 6 years old, 11 are 7 years old, and 2 are 8 years old. Out of 35 students, only 6 have their own computer at home and 10 have experience in operating a computer. The second quarter test result serves as point of reference in this study. The test is composed of 30 items consisting questions about listening skills, vocabulary, grammar, reading and comprehension. The table below shows the scores of the students and the calculated mean. Table 2: Second Quarter Test Result No. NameScore 1Banag, Jonie D. 15 2Bermudo, Mark Anthony D. C. 12 3Boehn, Adrian M. 16 4Butchayo, John Carlo G. 20 5Fallorina, Jerry M. 17 6Gaupo, Gerald15 7Lacanlale, Christian G. 16 8Luna, Alexander N. 12 9Manalili, John Lloyd C. 17 10Maninang, Emer13 11Manlapas,Randy A. 18 12Martinez, Clive Xavier M. 18 13Morales, Aiveen Nash M. 19 14Pilariza, Hans Russell L. 19 15Puno, Jerome M. 22 16Roldan, Rainier T. 14 17Tolentino, John Michael E. 22 18Uring, Justine H. 18 19Bautista, Marichell D. C. 14 20Botio, Renalyn M. 21 21Casem, Allyana N. 20 22Castaneda, Rey-ann 12 23Dizon, Clarisse Joy R. 14 24Lacanlale, Clarissa G. 21 5Manlapas, Adrian Mae 24 25Nucup, Lyka M. 16 27Obenario, Angelina D. C. 23 28Padua, Maricar 16 29Panag, Maiel T. 21 30Pangan, Cristina C. 15 31Pangilinan, Gloria12 32Quintos, Jennalyn Y. 22 33Sabat, Maadrian E. 16 34Sagadraca, Angelika Joy M. 18 35Salas, Jomae V. 14 Formula of Mean: The mean may often be confused with the median, mode or range. The mean is the arithmetic average of a set of values, or distribution; however, for skewed distributions, the mean is not necessarily the same as the middle value (median), or the most likely (mode). The arithmetic mean is the â€Å"standard† average, often simply called the â€Å"mean†. Total scores602 . Mean= Number of cases M= 35 Mean= 17. 2 November 3, 2010 marks the first day for Third Quarter period and ended January 20, 2011. In this period of time the Grade I students of San Pablo Elementary School had undergone the said study. The children were exposed to different English websites that cater different reading, speaking, listening, grammar, and vocabulary exercises. The teacher serves as the moderator that helps and guides the students on operating the computers and explaining further instructions and directions. The researcher focuses on three English websites and these are the following: 1. Agenda Web – Hundreds of Free English Exercises (http://www. agendaweb. org/) 2. English Interactive – (http://www. englishinteractive. net) 3. Calluni. net – (http://www. calluni. net) The said websites have different activities that are suitable for primary grade level taking up English lessons. CALL Programs designed for teaching grammar include drill and practice on a single topic (Irregular Verbs, Definite and Indefinite Articles), drills on a variety of topics (Advanced Grammar Series, English Grammar Computerized I and II), games (Code Breaker, Jr. High Grade Builder), and different programs which are specifically designed to promote second-language listening (Listen! ), multimedia programs for second language learners (Accelerated English, Rosetta Stone), and multimedia programs for children or the general public (Aesop's Fables, The Animals). Pronunciation programs (Sounds American, Conversations) generally allow students to record and playback their own voice and compare it to a model. Several comprehensive multimedia programs (Firsthand Access, The Lost Secret) include similar features. Reading programs designed for ESL (English Second Language learners and tutorials designed for children or the general public (MacReader, Reading Critically, Steps to Comprehension). and games (HangWord). Also included are more general educational programs which can assist reading (Navajo Vacation, The Night Before Christmas) Text reconstruction programs allow students to manipulate letters, words, sentences, or paragraphs in order to put texts together. They are usually inexpensive and can be used to support reading, writing, or discussion activities. Popular examples include Eclipse, Gapmaster, Super Cloze, Text Tanglers, and Double Up. Vocabulary activities includes drill and practice programs (Synonyms), multimedia tutorials (English Vocabulary), and games (Hangman, Scrabble). Teacher and learner roles The distinct roles in the laboratory are compared and differentiated from the roles assumed in the traditional classroom. The researcher noticed a big difference between a traditional classroom setting and a laboratory setting using the CALL technology. Various factors influenced the way students and the teacher interacts. The teacher and the computers interact and interpret their roles in the laboratory. Warschauer, 1998 says that when multimedia is used the role of the teacher as authority source and expert changes. Hence, the teacher does not dominate the floor and does not do most of the talking. Besides, he or she does not direct and redirect the development of the topic, pose display questions, nominate students as next speakers, or evaluate individual student's contributions, all of which is the norm in traditional teacher-fronted EFL (English Foreign Language) classrooms. There are several aspects that determine the role of the students in the laboratory setting. The researcher noted that the setting, the tools (the computers), the personality of the students, and the way in which the teacher establishes the teaching learning activities as well as the way that he or she interacts with them plays an important role in the laboratory classroom setting. These aspects are interrelated each other and in the next section they are expanded. In the traditional classroom students are more willing to pay attention to the teacher lecture. In contrast, at the laboratory, according with Huang 2000 the student-teacher communication seemed to be blocked to some extent by the layout of the computer lab. Physically, the computer laboratory is larger than the traditional classroom. The physical distance enlarged the psychological distance. It has the tendency that the two-way communication between the teacher and the students turned to be the one-way teacher to student communication. During the development if this research and from time to time the researcher ncouraged her students to interact with each other. She constantly asks herself the way to combine more interaction into the laboratory learning activities more often than she does. To enrich the interaction, she tried and determined what strategies will work and how to do it. Therefore, using the instructional guides that she has designed, she made suggestions and she frequently encouraged her students to employ new strategies to promote multiple-level interaction in t he lab. She has moved toward interaction taking place between the learner and the content, the learner and the instructor, and between learners. Traditional classroom roles are considerably changed. There are two main types of roles that appear at the lab. On the one hand, by the nature of the setting there are a number of roles which emerge and come into sight. On the other hand there are also a number of roles that learners begin to have. In the computerized classroom there are some roles that emerge which are very different from the traditional classroom. For instance, high interactive computer programs have the power to catch student attentions; sometimes, this power that multimedia technology induces over learners is so high till the point that at times students got so concentrated in the computer proposed activities that they ignore the teacher’s instructions. The role of the teacher changes from source of knowledge to instigator, promoter, coach, helper, model, and guide of knowledge construction. It is not easy to change the teacher traditional role of simply showing students how to do things and providing then with the answers they seek. It would be much better to require students to engage in activities that make them be critical thinkers using computers as a learner partner. After three months of the intervention using the Computer Assisted Language Learning Technology the children took up their Third Quarter Test that serves as the Post Test for this study and employed post survey interview which was intended to collect data on participants’ attitudes toward learning English with CALL technology, and their perception of CALL technology. The table below shows the result of the Third Quarter Test taken up by the students in Grade I students together with the previous scores taken on the First Quarter Test. Table 3: Test result From First to Second Quarter No. NameScores Second QuarterThird Quarter 1Banag, Jonie D. 1520 2Bermudo, Mark Anthony D. C. 1221 3Boehn, Adrian M. 1628 4Butchayo, John Carlo G. 2023 5Fallorina, Jerry M. 1722 6Gaupo, Gerald1525 7Lacanlale, Christian G. 1627 8Luna, Alexander N. 1225 9Manalili, John Lloyd C. 1726 10Maninang, Emer1326 11Manlapas,Randy A. 1827 12Martinez, Clive Xavier M. 825 13Morales, Aiveen Nash M. 1924 14Pilariza, Hans Russell L. 1923 15Puno, Jerome M. 2220 16Roldan, Rainier T. 1419 17Tolentino, John Michael E. 2226 18Uring, Justine H. 1825 19Bautista, Marichell D. C. 1422 20Botio, Renalyn M. 2129 21Casem, Allyana N. 2030 22Castaneda, Rey-ann 1221 23Dizon, Clarisse Joy R. 1419 24Lacanlale, Clarissa G. 2118 25Manlapas, Adrian Mae 2430 25Nucup, Lyka M. 1627 27Obenario, Angelina D. C. 2329 28Padua, Maricar 1620 29Panag, Maiel T. 2126 30Pangan, Cristina C. 1521 31Pangilinan, Gloria1218 32Quintos, Jennalyn Y. 2221 33Sabat, Maadrian E. 1618 4Sagadraca, Angelika Joy M. 1819 35Salas, Jomae V. 1424 The above table shows the satisfying result of the Third Quarter Test. Table 4: Test Result (Second – Third Quarter) Quarter TestNumber of Cases Number of ItemsHighest ScoreLowest ScoreTotal Number of scoresMean Second3530221260217. 2 Third3530301882423. 54 The table number four shows the big difference between the scores of First to Second Quarter Test. After conducting the test run students were asked if they find the program satisfying. 33 of the students answered â€Å"yes† and still hoping for some more lessons using CALL technology. of the students answered â€Å"no† because for them CALL is a much complicated way in studying the English subject. Summary of Findings Based on the data gathered in this research CALL technology in the classroom provi ded a context in which opportunities for English development are enhanced, since students are motivated to extend their efforts and resources in order to meet the demands of real communication in a social context. It also entails meaningful use of the target language and demands teachers and students to treat language as a medium of communication. The second quarter result shows a great improvement compared to the result taken last quarter. The program works best with individual users, but pair work would also be possible. Use in the classroom situation would be dependent upon the availability of computers. CALL technology proved an effective tool for language learning and teaching. Although Internet is more affordable and available today than ever before, unfortunately and despite the incredible advances and advantages, not very many English as a foreign language students and teachers benefit from its potential. Computers have a eaningful application in the area of foreign language teaching and learning. The incorporation of CALL into the curriculum and language programs is important but there is a need to integrate it into the course goals, based on research practices. In addition, this may provide opportunities for authentic language practice. Almost all the student who undergone the program find the program very satisfying and keep on asking for more lessons with the same strategy of teaching. Conclusion: Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) for Teaching English to Young Learners (TEYL). The computer is a child's wonderland. The use of CALL software such as Windows Messenger, E-mail, the Internet, and other specific and non specific software can be integrated using effective pedagogy to create a powerful language learning program. Computer Technology offers a certain degree of independent and structured learning. It easily assists and even stimulates young second language learners in all four skills of listening, speaking, writing, reading and also critical thinking (Cobb & Stevens, 1996). Technology has the potential to play a major role in English or foreign language learning and instruction. The history of CALL suggests that the computer can serve a variety of uses for language teaching. It can be a tutor which offers language drills or skill practice; a stimulus for discussion and interaction; or a tool for writing and research. With the advent of the Internet, it can also be a medium of global communication and a source of limitless authentic materials. But as pointed out by Garrett (1991), â€Å"the use of the computer does not constitute a method†. Rather, it is a â€Å"medium in which a variety of methods, approaches, and pedagogical philosophies may be implemented† (p. 5). The effectiveness of CALL cannot reside in the medium itself but only in how it is put to use. Recommendation: In the contemporary educational environments, it is a pity, that there are some schools that despite the fact of having a computer room which is privilege, there is not a full possible exploitation of that source of knowledge. Many people and some teachers feel uncomfortabl e with technology even there are times when they get scare of it; in that case, the best way to overcome this fear is facing it by solving as many computer exercises as possible. An important implication of this study is to foster the use of computer assisted learning without neglecting the mystery that covers up the uses of new technologies. Teachers especially from government owned schools should have opportunities such as trainings and seminars about the use of computer and how it would be used in teaching Teacher’s computer literacy is important. A feeling of satisfaction is received and accomplished when teachers and students discover that computer provides another way to acquire knowledge. It enhances motivation and promotes interaction. In traditional classrooms, interaction has been limited because of minimal physical possibilities or because of teachers’ lack of training in using technology.. Working with computers is a joint of motivational elements that makes the students’ participation more free and spontaneous. It is frequent that students bring English music compact discs to the laboratory. Those elements also promote interaction and new roles for both students and teachers. Therefore, students have more responsibility, risk taking, interaction and self-evaluation criteria towards the autonomous learning. The teacher should take individual differences in preferences, and ability into account. For example, interactivity is limited when there is only one way of navigating the internet, and the materials are presented in a rigid manner. There are more ways of navigating the internet and many different possible topics to explore. Students can select different activities to read and study. Different aspects of every day life and people work are listed to account for individual differences in ability, and preferences. The Department of Education should help in improving the computer laboratories of each government school and for those who has no computer at all. They should also consider applying an Internet connection for each school that can not only be used in teaching but also in easy communication of the school to the main office or division. It can also serve as an easy way of submitting reports and help decrease the paper works for the teachers and principals. Teachers should also take a rigid guidance on the students on how they will use the computer and the internet in searching for knowledge. Students should always be properly guided while surfing the internet for them to be protected about the negative influences of the internet. Bibliography: †¢ ^ a b Levy M. (1997) CALL: context and conceptualisation, Oxford: Oxford University Press. †¢ ^ a b Schmid Euline Cutrim (2009) Interactive whiteboard technology in the language classroom: exploring new pedagogical opportunities, Saarbrucken, Germany: VDM Verlag Dr. Muller. †¢ ^ a b Lamy M. -N. & Hampel R. (2007) Online communication in language learning and teaching, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. †¢ ^ Shield L. & Kukulska-Hulme A. (eds. (2008) Special edition of ReCALL (20, 3) on Mobile Assisted Language Learning. †¢ ^ Davies G. & Higgins J. (1982) Computers, language and language learning, London: CILT. †¢ ^ Bush M. & Terry R. (1997) (eds. ) Technology-enhanced language learning, Lincolnwood, Illinois: National Textbook Company. †¢ ^ a b c Davies G. , Walker R. , Rendall H. & Hewer S. (2011 ) Introduction to Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). Module 1. 4 in Davies G. (ed. ) Information and Communications Technology for Language Teachers (ICT4LT), Slough, Thames Valley University [Online]: http://www. ict4lt. org/en/en_mod1-4. htm †¢ ^ Levy M. & Hubbard P. 2005) Why call CALL â€Å"CALL†? Computer Assisted Language Learning 18, 3: 143-149. †¢ ^ Marty F. (1981) â€Å"Reflections on the use of computers in second language acquisition†, System 9, 2: 85-98. †¢ ^ Sanders R. (ed. ) (1995) Thirty years of computer-assisted language instruction, Festschrift for John R. Russell, CALICO Journal Special Issue, 12, 4. †¢ ^ Delcloque P. (2000) History of CALL [Online]: http://www. ict4lt. org/en/History_of_CALL. pdf †¢ ^ Davies G. (2005) Computer Assisted Language Learning: Where are we now and where are we going? [ Online]: http://www. camsoftpartners. co. uk/docs/UCALL_Keynote. htm †¢ ^ Hubbard P. 2009) (ed. ) Computer-assisted language learning, Volumes I-IV, Routledge: London and New York: http://www. stanford. edu/~efs/callcc/ †¢ ^ Language Learning & Technology (2010) 14, 3, pp. 14-18 [Online]: http://llt. msu. edu/issues/october2010/index. html †¢ ^ Butler-Pascoe M. E. (2011) â€Å"The history of CALL: the intertwining paths of technology and second/foreign language teaching†, International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching (IJCALLT) 1, 1: 16-32: http://www. igi-global. com/ijcallt †¢ ^ Davies G. & Higgins J. (1985) Using computers in language learning: a teacher's guide, London: CILT. ^ Jones C. & Fortescue S. (1987) Using computers in the language classroom, Harlow: Longman. †¢ ^ Hardisty D. & Windeatt S. (1989) CALL, Oxford: Oxford University Press. †¢ ^ a b Warschauer M. (1996) â€Å"Computer-assisted language learning: an introduction†. In Fotos S. (ed. ) Multimedia language teaching, Tokyo: Logos International [Online]: http://www. ict4lt. org/en/warschauer. htm †¢ ^ Warschauer M. & Healey D. (1998) â€Å"Computers and language learning: an overview†, Language Teaching 31: 57-71. †¢ ^ Underwood J. (1984) Linguistics, computers and the language teacher: a communicative approach, Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House. ^ Schneider E. W. & Bennion J. L. (1984) â€Å"Veni, vidi, vici, via videodisc: a simulator for instructional courseware†. In Wyatt D. H. (ed. ) Computer-assisted language instruction, Oxford: Pergamon. †¢ ^ Fuerstenberg G. (1993) A la rencontre de Philippe: Videodisc, Software, Teacher's Manual and Student Activities Workbook: Yale University Press [Online]: http://web. mit. edu/fll/www/projects/Philippe. html †¢ ^ Warschauer M. (2000) ‘†CALL for the 21st Century†, IATEFL and ESADE Conference, 2 July 2000, Barcelona, Spain. †¢ ^ Bax S. (2003) â€Å"CALL – past, present and future†, System 31, 1: 13-28. †¢ ^ Bax S. Chambers A. (2006) â€Å"Making CALL work: towards normalisation†, System 34, 4: 465-479. †¢ ^ Bax S. (2011) â€Å"Normalisation revisited: the effective use of technology in language education†, International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching (IJCALLT) 1, 2: 1-15: http://www. igi-global. com/ijcallt †¢ ^ Mounteney M. Spaced repetition learning systems (SRS): http://www. omniglot. com/language/srs. php. Accessed 14 July 2011. †¢ ^ Decoo W. (2001) On the mortality of language learning methods. Paper given as the James L. Barker lecture on 8 November 2001 at Brigham Young University [Online]:

Psychology Behind a Criminal Mind

Mind usually, a person has clear motives for committing a crime. In 1866, though, Foods Dostoevsky examines a man with no clear motives for murder In his Russian crime novel, Crime and Punishment. He writes of a man, Restoration, who overhears some people hypothetically talking of killing an old, misanthropic pawnbroker, and using her money for better uses than she does herself. Restoration actually considers this thought; then he murders the woman but does not care for the money after the murder.He then escapes the suspicion from the police of being the murderer. However, he does not escape punishment, for his guilt takes over his mind. He confesses later to the crime due to the life his guilt creates for him. The main topic of his novel is to analyze the mind of Restoration. Dostoevsky then illustrates how a person must address his conscience in order to relieve guilt and return to a stable mind. The Russian author Foods Dostoevsky was born in Moscow in 1821. In his most three popu lar novels he expresses the theme of crime.His writings greatly reflect his life as an adult as he Incorporates real life experiences Into them. When he was on is way to the Military Engineering Academy in his early years, he was deeply disturbed by a scene as he saw a man beat his horse to death. This experience had such an impact on his life that he wrote of the exact scene in his novel â€Å"Foods Dostoevsky'. Also, Dostoevsky himself can be seen in the novel in the protagonist, Restoration, as both deal with the consequences of their actions from their own philosophical Ideas (â€Å"Foods Dostoevsky†).By portraying himself In his works, he enables his readers to absorb the reading from a real life perspective. He then enhances his writings by incorporating the fascinating topic of psychology. Furthermore, Dostoevsky also enhances his writings by differentiating his novel from the stereotypical crime novel when he makes known the murderer from the beginning instead of kee ping it a mystery. He still remains consistent with the genre, though, as most crime novels possess the aspects of guilt and Justice. These characteristics are what help Dostoevsky convey his theme of punishment from crime.However, crime and Punishment not only falls under the genre of crime novels, but also a psychological drama. A characteristic to this genre is the internal conflict of self-vs.. Errors which is seen throughout the entire novel as Restoration constantly has arguments with himself when in dilemmas (Labeled). He reassures himself in these arguments, though, that the pawnbroker is better off dead, and he did not do anything bad. Dostoevsky examines the vague motives behind the crime In the mind of the criminal while still writing of a crime and the subsequent guilt.Additionally, Dostoevsky conveys a huge message with just the title of the novel, Crime and Punishment. In three simple words, he expresses his thoughts, and theme, of the entire novel: punishment will fol low if a crime is committed. He then monstrance how the forms of punishment can vary. Instead of Reservations punishment being imprisonment as expected for such a crime, guilt becomes his castigation for the pointless murder he commits. Dostoevsky displays the Dostoevsky was not the first person to do so. Psychology has been an interest to people, even dating back to the late BC time period.According to Richardson, the first people to use psychology were the Greeks, as Aristotle is known as the Greek philosopher and referred to as the â€Å"Father of Psychology'. He began to wonder how and why people do what they do. Richardson tells that in the eighteenth century, psychological studies were done by philosophers such as Descartes and Locke to show that the mind and body operate separately while influencing each other. This theory did not stop there, though. Moreover, psychologists continued with this theory, and William James wrote the first psychology textbook in 1860.Before then, no specific writings had been done to analyze the topic of psychology. According to Carney, Dostoevsky observations expressed in his novels actually helped other psychologists in bringing forth modern psychology. He was able to convey mental disorders, which were refined by DRP. Bubbler and published in a series of writings (Squires 478). By focusing on the psychology of the criminal mind of Restoration, Dostoevsky grasps a concept that draws other psychologists into an area unexplored by previous studies.In Crime and Punishment, Foods Dostoevsky uses the actions and behavior of the protagonist to communicate psychology in his novel. He also voices his thoughts through the characters of Asimov, the doctor, and Priory Petrologic, the policeman, as they observe and give insight into Reservations behavior. An example of how Asimov does so is in analyzing Reservations dreams, as seen multiple times in the evolve. Asimov says that in a dream, â€Å"actions are sometimes performed in a masterly and most cunning way, while the direction of the actions is deranged and dependent on various morbid impressions† (Dostoevsky 216-217).This explanation enlightens the reader of why Restoration dreams such dreams. Although he does something in his dream as he would in real life, the motive or rationale to why he does it is distorted. The reader is not left hanging with the feeling that he or she is the only one that knows the real murderer, though. Asimov's skills as a doctor enable him to see wings in Restoration that others seem to ignore, for he tells so to Reservations friend, Razzmatazz. Razzmatazz then conveys Asimov's thoughts, while drunk, to Restoration. â€Å"For he's got a notion in his head that you are†¦ Mad or close on it† (Dostoevsky 182).The guilt that Restoration is faced to deal with takes over his mind, suggesting madness, as Asimov observes. But Restoration becomes unaware of this mental change occurring, as he thinks he is perfectly fin e. The readers see, though, that he actually contradicts himself in an ironic way. The use of literary devices can change a reader's perspective on a book. Dostoevsky specifically utilizes the use of irony in his novel. Before he commits the murder, Restoration addresses the questions of â€Å"why almost all crimes are so badly concealed and so easily detected, and why almost all criminals leave such obvious traces? (Dostoevsky 70). The irony of these questions is that Restoration himself did not conceal his crime at all, and merely only by a chain of coincidences is it that he is able to get away. Dostoevsky also illustrates irony as he is such a poor, unkempt man, yet he refuses to take money from anyone, including his own mother. The idea that example. By not accepting help, especially in such a desperate position, he displays his thoughts that he is, in fact, too good for help. As Dostoevsky portrays Restoration as a disheveled man with no direction in life before the crime, hi s appearance somehow seems to demote into an even worse state.The guilt starts to take over his appearance, as well as his mind. After the crime, people begin to notice the change in his personality. His guilt shows on the outside, too, as he begins to act delusional, causing attention. â€Å"The policeman was bewildered, and stared at him open-eyed. Restoration laughed† (Dostoevsky 50). A policeman observes his behavior in public, only to notice he is a crazy man. Asimov also notices that Restoration had â€Å"fallen into a frenzy at the slightest word† (Dostoevsky 213). Once again, Reservations conscience gets the best of him as he becomes tense with any mention of the murder.He expresses his unstable mind again here in how he cannot think and act properly. His punishment creeps onto him as he is unaware of the affects it has on him. Although in our society today people attempt to view everyone as equal, Restoration contrasts his opinion by distinguishing between his thoughts about two efferent types of people. Later in the novel, the cause of murder becomes somewhat evident that Restoration wants to prove himself ‘extraordinary and not ‘ordinary (Dostoevsky 247). He writes of this idea in a research paper that certain people have different limitations. An â€Å"extraordinary' man has the right†¦ To decide in his own conscience to overstep†¦ Certain obstacles† (Dostoevsky 247). As Restoration thinks of himself as being part of this ‘extraordinary group', he applies the theory to himself. This notion becomes the first problem to his thinking as he mindlessly categorizes himself into that group. It is as though they are afraid of me,' Restoration was thinking to himself, looking askance at his mother and sister† (Dostoevsky 216). He believes that he is superior to others, and that others fear him.Another problem in applying his theory to himself is that he did not decide in his conscience to break the law, but briefly in his mind. Because of his inability to think the thought through, he is forced to deal with the punishment of guilt. However, the guilt that overcomes Restoration has effects of its own. Not only does his mind begin to function strange, but also his body does not take the guilt well. Another topic that Restoration discusses in his research paper is the subsequent illness from crime (Dostoevsky 246).He then goes on to prove his own theory as sickness grasps his every breath for weeks after the murder. The aspects of guilt all disappear, though, with the confession of the crime. All with one simple confession, he displays a clear conscience as he finally can love, as well as become a different person. By relieving the guilt, his mind also becomes clear without focusing every moment on the crime. The punishment accomplished its goal and forced Restoration to address his omniscience. In spite of Reservations attempts to avoid it, he is forced to confront himself as he can not take it any longer.With the forceful help of others, he tackles the bad part of his conscience that tells him he was not wrong in murdering the pawnbroker. Today, many people avoid situations by telling themselves a lie to make themselves feel better. However, they are left grappling with their conscience and return to a guilt-free life. Such an experience occurred in Crime and Punishment as would occur today. But the easiest way to not have that painful and unwanted infiltration with the conscience is to not even do something guilty in the first place.

Intro to Macro Notes

A situation In which unlimited wants exceed the Ilmlted resources available to fulfill those wants Economics: The study of the choices people make to attain their goals, given their scarce resources. Economic Model: A simplified version of reality used to analyze real-world economic situations.Often based on unrealistic assumptions that simplify the problem at hand without substantially affecting the validity of the answer No one model can address every important topic, so we will learn diff models as we study difftopics Economic analysis may be positive or normative: Positive analysis: Analysis concerned with what is Positive statements can be evaluated as true or false using only data. For example, â€Å"After speeding cameras were Installed on 1-38, the average speed of motorists dec reased. † Normative analysis: Analysis concerned with what ought to be.Normative statemnts involve personal values, so they cannot be evaluated as true or flase using only data â€Å"the gover nemtn should install addition speeding cameras on 1-380 Economics is studied on two levels: Microeconomics: The study of how households and firms make choices, how they nteract in markets, and how the government attempts to influence their choices. Macroeconomics: The study ot the economy as a whole including topics such as Inflation, unemployment, and economic growth. Micro and macro are closely Interwlned because changes In the overall economy arise from the decisions of individual households and firms.CHAPTER 2 Trade off: The idea hat because of scarcity, producing more of one good or service means producing less of another good or service PPH A curve snowlng tne maxlmum attalnaDle comDlnatlons 0T two products tn ay be produced with available resources and current technology The PPF is an economic model used to analyze the tradeoffs that individuals firms, and countries face when deciding how to employ their scarce resources. Combinations outside the PPF are unattainable, given t he available resources and current technology (scarcity) Combinations inside or on the PPF are attainable, given current shit.Inside the PPF is ineffificent, reosuces are not being used and possible for economy to produce more of one without making more of other Comibinations of the PPF are efficient because the maximum output obtained from he available resouces are current technology so it is impossible for the economy to produce more of one good without producing less of the other(Trade ofO Oportunity cost: The highest-valued alternative that must be given up to engage in an activity Every choice has an opportunity cost because every choice has a next-best alternative In our pPF example near can use all is avaible resources and current technology to produce either 200 laptops per week or 400 tablets per week 200L=400T so 1 L=2T and IT=O. L Near's Marginal opportunity cost of 1 laptop is constant at 2 tablets, meaning that for Near to produce 1 more laptop, it must give up producin g 2 tablets; inversely, Near's marginal opportunity cost of 1 tablet is constant at one-half of a laptop, meaning that for Near to produce 1 more tablet, it must give up producing one-half of a laptop In the same example, Far can use all resources and currnet technology to produce either 220 laptops per week or 1100 tablets per week 220L=1100T, so IL-5T and IT=. 2L Fars marginal opportunity cost of 1 laptop is constant at 5 tablets, and Fars marginal opportunity cost of 1 tablet is constant at one-fifth ofa laptopA bowed-out PPF illustrates increasing marginal opportunity costs: as the economy increases it production of one good in one-unit increments, it must decrease tis production of the other good by larger and larger amounts (see page 44 of the textbook for a numerical example) I nls occurs Decause some resources are netter sultea to produce one g ratner than the other A bowed-out PPF is more realistic than a straight-line PPF but we use straight-line PPFs for simplicity (the c onclusions are the same for both) At any given time, the resources available to an economy are fixed, but over time, the esources available to an economy may increase or decrease. When an economy gains resources, its PPF shirts outward, and when an economy loses resources , its PPF shifts inward An improvement in technology makes it possible for an economy to produce more goods and services with the same amount of resources, so the economy's PPF shifts outward when technology improves. Economic Growth: The ability of the economy to increase the production of goods and services. Outward shifts of an economys PPF represent economic growth EXAMPLES: illustrate the effect of each of the following on a bowed-out PPF for corn and computers:Comparative advantage: The ability of an individual, a firm or country to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than competitors Near has the compartative advantage in the production of laptops: Far's marginical opportunity cost of 1 lap top is 5 tablets, while nears marginial oppurnity cost of 1 laptop is only 2 tablets. Far has the comparative advantage in the production of tablets. Near's marginal opportunity cost of 1 tablet is one-half of a laptop, while far's marginal opportunity cost of 1 tablet is only one-fifth ofa laptop. It is possitble o have the absolute advantage without having comparative advantage n production of that good (far and laptops) It is possible to have comparative advantage without having absolute advantage too. near and laptops) Gains from trade arise form specialization and trade are based on comparative advantage.

Starch Lab

Krupa Desai Cell Biology April 3, 2013 Lab: Biosynthesis of Starch Introduction: In this lab we learned the concept and procedure of synthesizing starch. We also learned the effects of pH and temperature on the reaction rates of amylase.. In the process of the synthesis lab we learned phosphorylation using a potato, which was what we synthesized. The phosphorylation took place after the addition of primer. There are two different types of starches used are amylose and amylopectin.To test for the presence of starch, the Starch Test is used. This is a simple test in which iodine is added to a given solution. If a polysaccharide such as starch is present then the iodine ion will lodge itself in the polysaccharide chain and give it a black-blue color. If iodine added to a solution turns black-blue than starch is present. If the solution remains the color of iodine, reddish-orange, there is no starch present, a negative test.In our experiment we scale the color we see in comparison to the neutrals to test for the amount of starch. Methods/Materials: See print out Data Table:Below Time in minutes| Tube 1| Tube 2| Tube 3| Tube 4| Tube 5| Tube 6| Tube 7| 0 mins(TO)| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| ++| +++| 3 mins| 0| +| 0| 0| +| +| +| 6 mins| +| ++| +| +| +++| +++| +++| 9 mins| 0| +++| +| 0| +++| +++| ++++| 12 mins| 0| +++| +| 0| +++| +++| ++++| 15 mins| 0| +++| +| 0| ++++| ++++| ++++| 18 mins| 0| +++| ++| 0| ++++| +++| ++++| 1 mins| 0| +++| ++| 0| ++++| +++| +++| 24 mins| 0| +++| ++| 0| +++| +++| ++++| 27 mins| 0| ++++| ++| 0| +++| +++| ++++| 30 mins| 0| ++++| ++| 0| ++++| ++| ++++| Discussion: This lab gives a better understanding of biosynthesis of starch. As you can see with our data we had some discrepancies in tubes where glucose was present no starch should have been found however we have â€Å"+† in a few of the time slots this could be do to the interpretation of color or some spill over.Since we were trying to get exact times the drops could have splattered over into a nother part of the dish and contaminated some of the other tubes overall our data is fairly accurate however tube 7 had the most phosphorylation because it turned from blue to black over time. Some of the other tubes although had the presence of starch did not alter much over time in fact most stayed the same. Additionally it is concluded the pH and temperature greatly effect the reaction rate of enzymes.

General Electrical Medical Systems

Q1: What is the underlying logic behind the global product company idea? Global Product Company (GPC) philosophy is mainly aiming at producing products that fit global markets with lowest cost and highest profit. This philosophy has mechanisms that have been applied to different phases of product lifecycle: Manufacturing phase: In manufacturing phase, cutting costs was achieved by moving manufacturing activities and eventually design and engineering activities from high-cost countries to low-cost countries. R&D phase: R&D is a very important phase in product development, it is essential to develop new products that can compete in the global market and considers different customers’ needs. Having high skilled workers in developing countries, where labor has relatively lower costs, has enabled the movement of R&D from high-cost countries to low-cost countries, however R&D programs, objectives, and strategies were still managed by headquarter and the corporate global senior management. Marketing & Sales phase: On contrary to R&D and Manufacturing, marketing & sales have to be localized operations according to each region and country. Accordingly, GEMS has established many offices around the world for sales and marketing management to get closer to the customer. Q2: Should the Global Product Company philosophy be altered to suit the needs of medical diagnostic market in China? China already has the third largest market for medical diagnostic after USA and Japan and it is already the fastest growing, it has the biggest market or low-ended products which has about 20% of the worldwide industry revenues. Accordingly, somehow the tenets of the GPC policies should change to increase the market share in the low-end products; GEMS should adopt the new â€Å"In China for China† policy and bring the plants in already low-cost countries to China. According to Chinese culture and rules, domestic production will bring greater demand and will also bring a slight cost savi ng that could enable GEMS low-end products to compete with Siemens products that are already being manufactured in China. Dropping the price with 10% can increase the sales with 50%. Although the â€Å"In China for China† policy might cause duplication in infrastructure, the newly expected market share in the Chinese market can absorb this duplication of infrastructure and production. Q3: Should GEMS be pursuing genomics and health care IT opportunities aggressively in addition, or instead of the China opportunity? China opportunity is a cash cow for the time being, it represents the biggest opportunity in the low-ended products. On the other hand, genomics and health care IT opportunities are the future of the industry they are star products. If GEMS did not look for opportunities and investments in genomics and health care IT, then it will lose its market share in the high and medium-ended products which both represents about 80% of the industry market. Accordingly, I see that GEMS should pursue genomics and health care IT opportunities aggressively in addition to the China opportunity.